Hepatitis C is a viral infection that damages the liver and causes inflammation. It is one of the most common blood-borne illnesses in the world and is caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), millions of people are living with chronic Hepatitis C, with many being unaware of their condition due to its silent progression. Understanding the condition is essential for prevention, early diagnosis, and successful treatment.
What Causes Hepatitis C?
The Hepatitis C virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood. The following are some common transmission routes:
- Sharing needles or syringes.
- Receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants before proper screening methods were introduced (before 1992 in many countries).
- Using unsterilized medical or tattoo equipment.
- In rare cases, it can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth or through sexual contact involving blood exposure.
It’s worth noting that Hepatitis C does not spread through casual contact, such as hugging, sharing meals, or shaking hands.
Symptoms of Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is frequently referred to as a “silent disease” since many patients do not exhibit symptoms until substantial liver damage has taken place. Symptoms may include the following:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain (especially near the liver)
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Dark urine and pale stools
If left untreated, chronic Hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or even liver cancer.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early detection is critical in avoiding problems. A blood test detects antibodies to the virus, and if positive, other tests confirm the presence of HCV and assess liver function.
The good news is that Hepatitis C is now curable in most cases. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications, taken for 8 to 12 weeks, can eliminate the virus from the body in more than 95% of patients. Treatment plans are tailored based on the genotype of the virus and the extent of liver damage.
Prevention Tips
Since no vaccine currently exists for Hepatitis C, prevention focuses on avoiding exposure to infected blood:
- Never share needles or razors.
- Ensure that tattoo and piercing tools are properly sterilized.
- Practice safe sex, especially if there’s a risk of blood contact.
- Health workers should follow standard precautions when handling blood.
Conclusion
Although hepatitis C is a potentially dangerous illness, it is entirely curable with knowledge, testing, and appropriate medical attention. Regular check-ups and responsible practices can help prevent the spread of this virus. Get checked right away if you believe you might be at risk; early detection saves lives.
