In the modern world, where compassion and science coexist, In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF, has become a ray of hope for millions of infertile couples. IVF is a very emotional and intimate process that goes beyond simple medical treatment in order to create life. In this blog, we’ll look at what IVF is, how it works, who it’s for, success rates, risks, and the emotional rollercoaster that can accompany the process.
What is IVF?
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment in which an egg and sperm are combined outside the body in a lab. Once fertilized, the resulting embryo is transferred into the woman’s uterus with the hope that it will implant and lead to a successful pregnancy. IVF has been around since 1978, and over 8 million babies have been born worldwide through this method.
Who Can Benefit From IVF?
IVF can be a viable option for individuals and couples facing:
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Male infertility issues (low sperm count or motility)
- Ovulation disorders or premature ovarian failure
- Endometriosis
- Unexplained infertility
- Genetic disorders
- Single parents wishing to conceive with donor eggs or sperm
Tests Before IVF: A Crucial First Step
Before beginning IVF, both partners typically undergo a series of diagnostic tests to identify potential issues and personalize the treatment:
For Women:
- Blood hormone tests (FSH, LH, AMH, estradiol) – used to assess ovarian reserve
- Transvaginal ultrasound – to evaluate ovaries and uterine lining
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) – used to check for blockages or abnormalities in the fallopian tubes and uterus.
- Pelvic exam or hysteroscopy – to detect uterine abnormalities
- Infectious disease screening – to rule out infections like HIV, Hepatitis B/C, syphilis, etc.
For Men:
- Semen analysis – to evaluate sperm count, shape, and motility
- Hormone tests – done if semen analysis is abnormal
- Genetic screening – if there’s a risk of inherited disorders
These tests ensure IVF is safe, effective, and tailored to your body’s needs.
The IVF Process: Step by Step
- Ovarian stimulation: Fertility medications (GnRH agonists) are given subcutaneously to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Then a woman is closely monitored with TVUSS. Ideally 15 follicles are recruited.
- Egg retrieval: hCG is then given for the endogenous LH surge. Eggs are collected about 37 hours post-hCG trigger using a minor surgical procedure.
- Fertilization: The eggs are combined with sperm in a lab. Conventional IVF involves insemination of around 100,000 sperms with an egg in a petri dish. In some cases, ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is used.
- Embryo culture: The fertilized eggs (embryos) are incubated under strict conditions of temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and pH for 3–5 days.
- Embryo transfer: A healthy embryo is placed into the uterus using a soft plastic catheter. It is the couple’s choice to decide how many embryos are to be transferred.
- Pregnancy test: About 10–14 days later, a blood test determines if implantation was successful.
IVF Success Rates
Success depends on several factors, including
- Age of women:
Women under 35 have a 40–50% success rate per cycle
Women over 40 may experience significantly lower success rates
- Cause of infertility: Having an average or good ovarian reserve (egg supply) increases your chances of success with IVF. In contrast, individuals with severe endometriosis may have lower IVF success rates compared to those with unexplained infertility.
- Lifestyle: Smoking is linked to fewer eggs retrieved during treatment and a higher risk of miscarriage. Being overweight or obese can also make it more difficult to conceive and carry a healthy pregnancy. Additionally, consuming alcohol, using recreational drugs, taking certain medications, or having high caffeine intake may negatively impact fertility and lower the effectiveness of IVF.
- Clinic’s expertise: Clinics with highly qualified specialists, superior lab technology, and a proven track record typically have higher success rates. Factors such as embryo cultivation techniques, lab atmosphere, and embryologist’s skills are all important considerations. Choosing a reputed facility with proven experience will significantly boost your chances of achieving a successful IVF pregnancy.
There are websites where you can calculate an estimated success rate of IVF by adding relevant information
Risks and Considerations
While IVF is generally safe, it’s essential to be aware of potential risks:
- Multiple pregnancies (when more than one embryo implants)
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
- Emotional and financial strain
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Not all IVF cycles result in pregnancy
The Emotional Journey
In addition to the physical processes, IVF has an emotional impact. Couples may feel stressed, anxious, and hopeful at the same time. Support from loved ones, fertility counsellors, and IVF support groups can make a big difference. Along the road, it’s important to make room for both joy and sorrow.
Conclusion
IVF is not only about science; it’s also about resilience, dreams, and tales. While it may not be for everyone, it does provide a genuine opportunity for many people to experience the joy of parenthood. If you’re thinking about IVF, talk to a trustworthy fertility professional about your options so you can start your journey with confidence and hope.
